Hydrocephalus is a neurological condition where excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) builds up in the brain's ventricles, causing increased pressure. This can lead to brain swelling, headaches, vision problems, developmental delays, and other neurological issues. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to manage its effects.

In infants, hydrocephalus may present as an abnormally large head size, irritability, or developmental delays. In older children and adults, symptoms include headaches, difficulty walking, vision issues, and cognitive problems. Recognizing these symptoms early can help prevent long-term complications.

Hydrocephalus is often treated with a surgical procedure to insert a shunt, which drains excess fluid from the brain to another part of the body. In some cases, an endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) may be performed to allow CSF to flow naturally. Regular follow-ups are essential to monitor the effectiveness of the treatment

Hydrocephalus is a significant health concern in Pakistan, especially among infants. While exact national statistics are limited, it is prevalent due to factors like infections, premature births, and lack of prenatal care. The primary challenges in treating hydrocephalus in Pakistan include limited access to neurosurgical facilities, the high cost of treatment, and a shortage of trained specialists. Raising awareness and improving healthcare infrastructure are essential for addressing these challenges.

In Pakistan, hydrocephalus is usually treated through surgical procedures, most commonly by inserting a shunt to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid. However, access to neurosurgery is limited, particularly in rural areas. Some hospitals in major cities offer specialized care, but the cost of surgery can be prohibitive for many families.