Hydrocephalus

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Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus is the most common reason of brain surgery among children. Earlier diagnoses can of hydrocephalus can help patients lead a good quality life

What is Hydrocephalus

 

Hydrocephalus is a neurological condition caused by an abnormal buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain. This excess fluid increases pressure inside the skull, leading to potential damage to brain tissues. Hydrocephalus can affect individuals of all ages, from infants to older adults, and can result in developmental delays, cognitive challenges, and physical disabilities if left untreated. Early diagnosis and treatment, often through surgical intervention, can help manage the condition and improve quality of life. Raising awareness about hydrocephalus is crucial to ensuring timely medical care and support for those affected.

Symptoms

Hydrocephalus is a condition where excess fluid builds up in the brain, leading to various symptoms that can differ based on age and the severity of the condition. Here’s a breakdown of common signs to watch for:

Symptoms in Infants

  • Rapid head growth:
  • Bulging fontanel: A bulging or tense soft spot (fontanel) on top of the head.
  • Seizures: Uncontrolled body movements.
  • Vomiting: Frequent and unexplained vomiting.
  • Feeding difficulties: Trouble with feeding or poor appetite.
  • Irritability and sleepiness: Excessive crying or sleepiness.
  • Sunsetting eyes: Downward gaze or the "sunsetting" eye phenomenon.

Symptoms in Children

  • Morning headaches: Headaches that are often worse in the morning.
  • Nausea and vomiting: Unexplained nausea and vomiting.
  • Vision problems: Blurred or double vision.
  • Coordination issues: Difficulty walking or poor balance.
  • Cognitive and behavioral changes: Learning difficulties, irritability, or behavioral changes.
  • Developmental delays: Slower than expected developmental progress.

Adults

  • Headache
  • Difficulty walking or maintaining balance
  • Loss of bladder control or frequent urge to urinate
  • Memory loss or cognitive impairment
  • Personality changes
  • Poor motor coordination

Older Adults (Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus - NPH)

  • Walking difficulties (shuffling gait)
  • Memory loss or confusion, resembling dementia
  • Frequent urination or bladder control issues
  • Cognitive Decline

Treatment Options

Shunt Systems

A device surgically placed to divert excess brain fluid to another part of the body, helping to reduce pressure on the brain.

Choroid Plexus Cauterization (CPC)

A treatment that reduces the production of brain fluid by safely cauterizing part of the fluid-producing area, often paired with ETV.

Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy

A minimally invasive procedure that creates a new pathway to drain brain fluid and bypass blockages.

Medications

While not a cure, medications help control symptoms or prevent complications related to hydrocephalus.

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